|
Gemstone type
|
Specific gravity
|
Chemical Composition
|
Crystal Structure
|
|
Amber
|
1.05 – 1.10
|
Oxygenated hydrocarbon (variable)
|
Amorphous
|
|
Chrysocolla
|
1.9 – 2.4
|
Hydrous copper silicate
|
Monoclinic
|
|
Opal ex. Fire opal, Moss opal, Doublet opal and Boulder opal
|
1.98 – 2.5
|
Hydrous silicon dioxide
|
Amorphous
|
|
Hackmanite
|
2.14 – 2.40
|
Sodium aluminum silicate chloride
|
Cubic
|
|
Sodalite
|
2.14 – 2.40
|
Sodium aluminum silicate chloride
|
Cubic
|
|
Tourmaline ex. Rubellite, Paraiba, Chrome etc.
|
2.28 – 3.32
|
Silicate compounded with aluminium, iron, magnesium, sodium, lithium, or potassium.
|
Trigonal
|
|
Turquoise
|
2.31 – 2.84
|
Hydrated copper aluminum phosphate
|
Triclinic
|
|
Moldavite
|
2.32 – 2.38
|
Silicon dioxide + aluminum oxide
|
Amorphous
|
|
Hambergite
|
2.35
|
Beryllium borate
|
Orthorhombic
|
|
Obsidian
|
2.35 – 2.60
|
Siliceous glassy rock
|
Amorphous
|
|
Variscite
|
2.42 – 2.58
|
Hydrous aluminum phosphate
|
Orthorhombic
|
|
Serpentine
|
2.44 – 2.62
|
Basic magnesium silicate
|
Microcrystalline
|
|
Howlite
|
2.45 – 2.58
|
Calcium borosilicate hydroxide
|
Monoclinic
|
|
Lapis lazuli
|
2.5 - 3
|
Sodium calcium aluminum silicate
|
Cubic
|
|
Maw sit sit
|
2.5 – 3.5
|
Rock containing variable amounts of kosmochlor, jadeite and albite
|
Rock
|
|
Jasper
|
2.5 – 2.9
|
Silicon dioxide
|
Trigonal
|
|
Charoite
|
2.54 – 2.78
|
Complex silicate containing phosphorus, calcium, and sodium
|
Monochinic
|
|
Seraphinite
|
2.55 – 2.75
|
Magnesium iron aluminum silicate hyroxide
|
Monochinic
|
|
Amazonite
|
2.56 – 2.58
|
Potassium aluminum silicate
|
Triclinic
|
|
Orthoclase
|
2.56 – 2.58
|
Potassium aluminum silicate
|
Monochinic
|
|
Moonstone
|
2.56 – 2.59
|
Potassium aluminum silicate
|
Monochinic
|
|
Scapolite
|
2.57 – 2.74
|
Sodium calcium aluminium silicate
|
Tetragonal
|
|
Chrysophase
|
2.58 – 2.64
|
Silicon dioxide
|
Trigonal
|
|
Bloodstone
|
2.58 – 2.64
|
Silicon dioxide
|
Trigonal
|
|
Agate & Carnelian
|
2.58 – 2.64
|
Silicon dioxide
|
Trigonal
|
|
Peanut wood
|
2.58 – 2.91
|
Silicon dioxide
|
Trigonal
|
|
Rose quartz cat’s eye
|
2.58 – 2.64
|
Silicon dioxide
|
Hexagonal
|
|
Chalcedony
|
2.58 – 2.64
|
Silicon dioxide
|
Trigonal
|
|
Tiger’s eye
|
2.58 – 2.64
|
Silicon dioxide
|
Trigonal
|
|
Iolite
|
2.58 – 2.66
|
Magnesium aluminum silicate
|
Orthorhombic
|
|
Coral
|
2.6 – 2.7
|
Calcium carbonate
|
Trigonal
|
|
Pietersite
|
2.6
|
Silicon dioxide
|
Aggregate
|
|
Fossil coral
|
2.6 – 2.7
|
Silicon dioxide
|
Trigonal
|
|
Agate geode
|
2.6 – 2.64
|
Silicon dioxide
|
Trigonal
|
|
Pearl
|
2.6 – 2.85
|
Calcium carbonate
|
Orthorhombic
|
|
Sunstone
|
2.62 – 2.65
|
Sodium calcium aluminium silicate
|
Triclinic
|
|
Aventurine
|
2.64 – 2.69
|
Silicon dioxide
|
Trigonal
|
|
Quartz
|
2.65
|
Silicon dioxide
|
Trigonal
|
|
Strawberry quartz
|
2.65
|
Silocon dioxide with iron oxide inclusions
|
Trigonal
|
|
Amethyst
|
2.65
|
Silicon dioxide
|
Trigonal
|
|
Quartz ex. Rose, Smoky, Cat’s eye and Mystic
|
2.65
|
Silicon dioxide
|
Trigonal
|
|
Labradorite
|
2.65 – 2.75
|
Sodium calcium aluminum silicate
|
Triclinic
|
|
Citrine
|
2.65
|
Silicon dioxide
|
Hexagonal
|
|
Rutile quartz
|
2.65
|
Silicon dioxide with titanium inclusions
|
Trigonal
|
|
Ametrine
|
2.65
|
Silicon dioxide
|
Trigonal
|
|
Onyx
|
2.65 – 2.91
|
Silicon dioxide
|
Trigonal
|
|
Andesine labradorite
|
2.66 – 2.68
|
Sodium calcium aluminum silicate
|
Triclinic
|
|
Beryl ex. Morganite, Goshenite etc
|
2.66 – 2.87
|
Aluminium beryllium silicate
|
Hexagonal
|
|
Emerald
|
2.66 – 2.87
|
Aluminium beryllium silicate
|
Hexagonal
|
|
Aquamarine
|
2.66 – 2.87
|
Aluminium beryllium silicate
|
Hexagonal
|
|
Calcite
|
2.69 – 2.71
|
Calcium carbonate
|
Trigonal
|
|
Larimar
|
2.74 – 2.88
|
Hydrated sodium calcium silicate with manganese
|
Triclinic
|
|
Ammolite
|
2.75 – 2.80
|
Mainly aragonite (with calcite, silica and pyrite)
|
Amorphous
|
|
Sugilite
|
2.76 – 2.80
|
Potassium sodium lithium iron manganese aluminium
|
Hexagonal
|
|
Verdite
|
2.76 - 3
|
Serpentine rock
|
Monoclinic
|
|
Lepidolite
|
2.8 – 2.9
|
Potassium lithium aluminum silicate hydroxide fluo
|
Monoclinic
|
|
Prehnite
|
2.82 – 2.94
|
Basic calcium aluminum silicate
|
Orthorhombic
|
|
Jadeite
|
2.90 – 3.03
|
Basic calcium magnesium iron silicate
|
Monoclinic
|
|
Nephrite jade
|
2.9 – 3.03
|
Calcium magnesium iron silicate
|
Monoclinic
|
|
Danburite
|
2.97 – 3.03
|
Calcium boric silicate
|
Orthorhombic
|
|
Nuumite
|
3
|
Rock containing gedrite and anthophyllite
|
Lamellar fibrous structure
|
|
Fluorite
|
3 – 3.25
|
Calcium fluoride
|
Cubic
|
|
Andalusite
|
3.05 – 3.20
|
Aluminium silicate
|
Orthorhombic
|
|
Clinohumite
|
3.13 – 3.75
|
Magnesium silicate
|
Monoclinic
|
|
Spodumene ex. Kunzite
|
3.15 – 3.21
|
Lithium aluminum silicate
|
Monoclinic
|
|
Apatite
|
3.16 – 3.23
|
Basic fluoro- and chloro-calicum phosphate
|
Hexagonal
|
|
Hiddenite
|
3.17 – 3..19
|
Lithium aluminum silicate
|
Monoclinic
|
|
Diopsie ex. Chrome, Tashmarine and star
|
3.22 – 3.38
|
Calcium magnesium silicate
|
Monoclinic
|
|
Sillimanite
|
3.23
|
Aluminum silicate
|
Orthorhombic
|
|
Malachite
|
3.25 – 4.10
|
Basic copper carbonate
|
Monoclinic
|
|
Dumortierite quartz
|
3.26 – 3.41
|
Aluminum borate silicate intergrown with quartz
|
Orthorhombic
|
|
Axinite
|
3.26 – 3.360
|
Calcium aluminum borate silicate
|
Triclinic
|
|
Peridot
|
3.28 – 3.48
|
Magnesium iron silicate
|
Orthorhombic
|
|
Hemimorphite
|
3.3 – 3.5
|
Hydrous basic zinc silicate
|
Orthorhombic
|
|
Diaspore or Zultanite
|
3.30 – 3.39
|
Hydrated aluminum oxide
|
Orthorhombic
|
|
Idocrase
|
3.32 – 3.47
|
Complex calcium aluminum silicate
|
Tetragonal
|
|
Ruby - Zoisite
|
3.35
|
Rock containing zoisite, ruby and hornblende
|
Orthorhombic
|
|
Tanzanite
|
3.35
|
Calcium aluminium silicate
|
Orthorhombic
|
|
Rhodonite
|
3.40 – 3.74
|
Manganese silicate
|
Triclinic
|
|
Rhodochrosite
|
3.45 – 3.70
|
Manganese carbonate
|
Trigonal
|
|
Topaz ex. Rutile, Mystic, Azotic, imperial etc.
|
3.49 – 3.57
|
Aluminum fluorsilicate
|
Orthorhombic
|
|
Sphene
|
3.52 – 3.54
|
Calcium titanium silicate
|
Monoclinic
|
|
Kyanite
|
3.53 – 3.70
|
Aluminum silicate
|
Triclinic
|
|
Spinel
|
3.54 – 3.63
|
Magnesium aluminium oxide
|
Cubic
|
|
Grossular garnet ex. Grossularite and Mali
|
3.57 – 3.73
|
Calcium aluminum silicate
|
Cubic
|
|
Tsavorite Garnet
|
3.57 – 3.73
|
Calcium aluminum silicate
|
Rhombic
|
|
Garnet ex. Pyrope and Color Change Garnet
|
3.62 – 3.87
|
Magnesium aluminum silicate
|
Cubic
|
|
Star garnet
|
3.62 – 3.87
|
Iron aluminum silicate
|
Rhombic
|
|
Hessonite Garnet
|
3.64 – 3.69
|
Calcium aluminum silicate
|
Cubic
|
|
Demantoid Garnet
|
3.7 – 4.1
|
Calcium iron silicate
|
Cubic
|
|
Melanite
|
3.7 – 4.1
|
Calcium iron silicate
|
Cubic
|
|
Chrysoberyl
|
3.70 – 3.78
|
Beryllium aluminium oxide
|
Orthorhombic
|
|
Alexandrite
|
3.70 – 3.78
|
Beryllium aluminium oxide
|
Orthorhombic
|
|
Azurite
|
3.7 – 3.9
|
Basic Copper Carbonate
|
Monoclinic
|
|
Gaspeite
|
3.71
|
Nickel magnesium iron carbonate
|
Trigonal
|
|
Rhodolite Garnet
|
3.85
|
Magnesium aluminum silicate
|
Cubic
|
|
Sphalerite
|
3.9 – 4.1
|
Zinc sulphide
|
Cubic
|
|
Almandite Garnet
|
3.93 – 4.30
|
Iron aluminium silicate
|
Cubic
|
|
Zircon
|
3.93 – 4.73
|
Zirconium silicate
|
Tetragonal
|
|
Sapphire
|
3.95 – 4.03
|
Aluminium oxide
|
Trigonal
|
|
Ruby
|
3.97 – 4.05
|
Aluminum oxide
|
Trigonal
|
|
Smithsonite
|
4.00 – 4.65
|
Zinc carbonate
|
Trigonal
|
|
Spessartite Garnet
|
4.12 – 4.18
|
Manganese aluminium silicate
|
Cubic
|
|
Rainbow pyrite
|
5 – 5.2
|
Iron sulphide
|
Cubic
|
|
Hematite
|
5.12 – 5.28
|
Iron oxide
|
Trigonal
|
|
Cassiterite
|
6.7 – 7.1
|
Tin oxide
|
Tetragonal
|
Gemstone's Specific Gravity
